某些癌症类型，如睾丸精原细胞瘤以及不同类型的儿童白血病和淋巴瘤，如果加以适当的治疗，即使癌细胞已经扩散到身体其它部位，治愈率也很高。
Veterinary oncology, concentrating mainly on cats and canine, can be a expanding specialty in wealthy nations around the world and the foremost sorts of human treatment including surgical procedure and radiotherapy may very well be provided.
免疫治疗是当前的研究前沿热点内容，我们也专门总结了一篇免疫治疗方法(详见， 放链接)。其目的主要是通过激发、增强患者本身免疫细胞的免疫功能进行控制、 杀灭肿瘤、以及自身的抗癌过程。其部分方法已开始临床应用，但需要注意多数免疫 治疗还不够成熟，且价格相对高昂，绝大多数仍处于研究阶段。
某些癌症的成長會受某些荷爾蒙的增加或減少而抑制。對荷爾蒙敏感的腫瘤常見的例子有乳癌和前列腺癌，減低或增加體內雌激素或雄激素往往可用來做為補充治療的一種。
另一方面，現在有些方法則是想利用身體本身的免疫系統產生非專一性的免疫反應來對抗癌細胞，例如卡介苗膀胱內灌注免疫療法（英语：intravesical BCG immunotherapy）將卡介苗灌注進入膀胱內，以引發免疫反應對抗表淺性膀胱癌（英语：superficial bladder most cancers）。此外使用干擾素和介白質素，均可引起免疫反應。而使用疫苗所產生的免疫反應來對抗腫瘤的研究也正在進行當中，尤其是針對惡性黑色素瘤與腎細胞腫瘤（英语：renal cell carcinoma））。
Surgical treatment is the main approach to therapy for most isolated, stable cancers and may Engage in a role in palliation and prolongation of survival. It is usually a vital Section of the definitive diagnosis and staging of tumors, as biopsies are usually expected.
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The medical doctor John Hill explained tobacco sniffing as the reason for nose cancer in 1761.[229] This was followed by the report in 1775 by British surgeon Percivall Pott that chimney sweeps' carcinoma, a most cancers from the scrotum, was a typical disorder among chimney sweeps.
无法停止不受控制的细胞增长。正常细胞知道何时停止增长，因此每种类型的细胞都有合适的数量。癌细胞失去命令其何时停止增长的控制（肿瘤抑制基因）。肿瘤抑制基因的突变使癌细胞继续增长和积累。
因p53突變而引起的李佛美尼症候群，會產生多種腫瘤，包含骨肉瘤、乳癌、軟組織肉瘤、腦瘤。
Substantial-scale mutations entail the deletion or get of the percentage of a chromosome. Genomic amplification happens whenever a mobile gains copies (often twenty or even more) of a little chromosomal locus, generally containing a number of oncogenes and adjacent genetic substance. Translocation takes place when two different chromosomal locations develop into abnormally fused, generally at a attribute site.
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準確的癌症分期與診斷對於癌症的治療相當重要，癌症治療的原則是先確立治療目標，主要目標則可分為治癒癌症、延長生命、減輕痛苦及安寧療護四大類，常見的治療方式有以下幾項。
The findings that end result count on most cancers's kind and placement. Several indicators are certain. Quite a few frequently take place in individuals who have other ailments. Most cancers is usually hard to diagnose 癌症 and may be considered a "good imitator".[33]